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''The Gladiators'' (1939) is the first novel by the author Arthur Koestler; it portrays the effects of the Spartacus revolt in the Roman Republic. Published in 1939, it was later reprinted in other editions. The book is the first of a trilogy, including ''Darkness at Noon'' (1940), and ''Arrival and Departure'' (1943), which address idealism going wrong. This is a common theme in Koestler's work and life. Koestler uses his portrayal of the original slave revolt to examine the experience of the 20th-century political left in Europe following the rise of a Communist government in the Soviet Union. He published it on the brink of World War II. Originally written in German, the novel was translated into English for other audiences and was published in 1939. The manuscript of the German version, for which no publisher had been found, was lost during Koestler's flight at the Fall of France; the German edition finally published after the war had to be re-translated from English. In 1998 the British critic Geoffrey Wheatcroft wrote of the novel: "In ''The Gladiators'', Koestler used Spartacus's revolt around 65BC to explore the search for the just city, the inevitable compromises of revolution, the conflict of ends and means, the question of whether and when it is justifiable to sacrifice lives for an abstract ideal."〔(Geoffrey Wheatcroft, "The darkness at noon for Arthur Koestler was in his heart. Yet his early work, inspired by his disillusionment with communism, will survive the memory of his unlovable personality" ), Review of David Cesarani, ''Arthur Koestler: The Homeless Mind'', ''New Statesman'', 20 November 1998, accessed 21 November 2013〕 ==Reception== The novel is generally not as well-known to English-speaking audiences as the later American novel on this topic, ''Spartacus'' (1951), by Howard Fast, a bestseller adapted for Stanley Kubrick's award-winning 1960 film of the same name, which reached wide audiences and stimulated sales of Fast's novel. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Gladiators (novel)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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